Mu mafoto: Ubuzima bw’umwamikazi Elizabeth II watanze

Ubwami bw’Umwamikazi Elizabeth II bwaranzwe n’umurava ukomeye mu nshingano ndetse no kwitangira ingoma ye n’abaturage be.

Yabaye izingiro ry’impinduka za bwangu mu isi mu gihe ijambo ry’Ubwongereza ryakomeje gucyendera ku isi, sosiyete yarahindutse cyane ku buryo n’uruhare rw’ubwami rwibajijweho byinshi.

Gushobora kugumana ubwami muri ibyo bihe bikomeye byari ibintu bikomeye, cyane cyane ko mu gihe cy’ivuka rye, nta muntu wibazaga ko ingoma yari urwandiko rwe.

Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor, yavutse ku itariki ya 21 z’ukwezi kwa kane, mu mwaka wa 1926. Elizabeth na murumuna we, Margaret Rose, wavutse mu mwaka wa 1930, bigishirijwe iwabo mu rugo, aho bari bakunzwe cyane n’umuryango wabo.

Elizabeth n’umuvandimwe we, Margaret Rose wavutse mu 1930, bigishirijwe mu rugo banarererwa mu muryango urimo urukundo. Elizabeth yahoraga hafi cyane ya se na sekuru, George V.

Bivugwa ko yerekanye ububasha bwo kugira inshingano akiri muto cyane. Winston Churchill, wabaye minisitiri w’intebe, yaje kuvuga ko Elizabeth yari afite “umwuka w’ubuyobozi udasanzwe mu bwana”.

Afite imyaka 6, Elizabeth yabwiye umuntu wamwigishaga kugendera ku ifarasi ko yifuzaga kuba “umugore wo mu giturage ufite amafarasi menshi n’imbwa.”

Umwami George V amaze gutanga mu 1936, umuhungu we mukuru witwaga David, yahise amusimbura afata izina rya Edward VIII.

Ariko kuko byari bimukomereye cyane kugira ngo umugore we Wallis Simpson, wari waratandukanye n’abagabo bashakanye inshuro ebyiri, abashe kugirirwa icyizere mu Bwongereza kubera impamvu za politiki n’idini.

Edward wa VIII yamaze ku ngoma gusa umwaka umwe kuko yahise yegura.

Se wa Elizabeth, Duke wa York, yahise aba umwami, afata izina rya George wa VI, n’ubwo asa n’utari ubishishikariye cyane.

Nyuma y’intambara ya kabiri y’isi yose, Elizabeth yahuye n’ingorane zitari nke kugira ngo icyifuzo cye cyo gusezerana n’igikomangoma Filipo gishyirwe mu bikorwa.

Umwami George wa VI yabonaga umukobwa we Elizabeth akiri muto cyane kandi n’igikomangoma Filipo hari bamwe batari bamwishimiye n’ubwo bwose yari yarwanye intambara ya kabiri y’isi.

Nyuma y’intambara ubushake bwe bwo kurongorwa n’igikomangoma Philip bwahuye n’inzitizi nyinshi.

Umwami ntiyari yishimiye kubura umukobwa we kandi Philip na we yari afite imbogamizi z’ibwami bamubonaga nk’umuntu ufite ibisekuru mu mahanga.

Ariko ubushake bwabo (Elizabeth na Philip), bwaraganje ndetse ku itariki ya 20 z’ukwa cumi na kumwe 1947 bashyingiraniwe i Westminster Abbey. Philip yahinduriwe izina yitwa Duke wa Edinburgh.

Umwana w’imfura wabo, Charles, yavutse mu 1948, akurikirwa na mushiki we Anne, wavutse mu 1950.

Urupfu rwa se

Mu kwezi kwa mbere k’umwaka wa 1952, Elizabeth wari ufite icyo gihe imyaka 25, we n’umugabo we, ikingomangoma Filipo bahagarariye umwami mu rugendo mu mahanga.

Umwami, n’ubwo bwose abaganga bari bamubujije kugira aho ajya, yarabaherekeje, abageza ku kibuga cy’indege.

Ni yo nshuro ya nyuma Elizabeth yabonye se ari muzima.

Elizabeth yumviye inkuru y’urupfu rwa se igihe yari muri Kenya, maze ahita agaruka igitaraganya i Londres nk’umwamikazi mushya w’Ubwongereza.

Ni we ubwe wasabye ashimitse ko iyimikwa rye mu mwaka wa 1953, rinyuzwa kuri televiziyo.

N’ubwo minisitiri w’intebe, Winston Churchill, atari abishyigikiye, iyimika rye mu kwezi kwa gatandatu mu 1953, ryacishijwe kuri televiziyo.

Abantu babarirwa muri miliyoni bakurikiranye uwo muhango ku mateleviziyo yabo, abenshi muri bo, ikaba yari inshuro ya mbere kuri bo bareba televiziyo igihe Elizabeth yarahiriraga kuba umwamikazi.

Mu gihe Ubwongereza bwari bukiri mu bihe byo kwizirika umukanda nyuma y’intambara, abanyamakuru babonye iyimikwa nk’umuseke w’ibihe bishya bya Elizabeth.

Intambara ya Kabiri y’isi yatumye ijambo ry’ubutegetsi bwa cyami bw’Ubwongereza rigabanuka, kandi mu gihe umwamikazi mushya yatangiraga urugendo rwe rurerure mu bihugu byari byibumbiye mu muryango Commonwealth, w’ibihugu byahoze bikoronijwe n’Ubwongereza, mu kwezi kwa cumi na kumwe mu 1953, byinshi mu bihugu byari mu maboko y’Ubwongereza, birimo n’Ubuhinde, byari byarabonye ubwigenge.

Elizabeth yabaye umuntu wa mbere w’ibwami wasuye Australia na New Zealand. Bivugwa ko ugereranyije bitatu bya kane by’abanya Australia baje kureba umwamikazi.

Mu myaka ya za 1950, ibindi bihugu byatangiye kumanura ibendera ryarangaga Ubwongereza, ndetse kujya mu muryango wa Commonwealth biza guhinduka umuryango wo kujyamo ku bushake.

Guhindura inyito y’Ubwami

Abishishikarijwe n’umugabo we, umwamikazi yatangiye kugendera ku murongo mushya.

Inyito yakoreshwaga yitwaga Monarchy (wagereranya n’ubwami bufite ubutegetsi nyabwo) yahinduwe iba “the Royal Family”(wagereranya n’ubwami ariko bufite ubutegetsi bw’umuhango).

Icyo gihe nanone umwamikazi yaje kuba hagati y’ikibazo cya politike mu 1963, Harold Macmillan yegura ku mwanya wa minisitiri w’intebe.

Kubera ko ishyaka ry’aba Conservative ryari ritarabona uburyo bwo guhitamo umuyobozi mushya, umwamikazi yakurikije inama ashyiraho Earl of Home mu mwanya we. Byari ibihe bitoroshye ku mwamikazi.

Mu mpera y’imyaka ya 1960, ubwami bw’Ubwongereza bwiyemeje kwerekana abagize umuryango w’ibwami nk’abantu bashobora kwegerwa na rubanda rusanzwe.

Wanakozweho ikiganiro cya televiziyo, BBC yemerewe gufotora abagize umuryango w’umwamikazi iwabo mu rugo.

Herekanywe abo mu muryango w’ibwami bari iruhande rw’icyocyezo (barbecue), batunganya igiti cya Noheli, basohokana abana babo mu modoka, muri macye bakora ibintu abantu basanzwe bakora, ariko byari ubwa mbere bigiye ahagaragara.

Icyo kiganiro cyagize uruhare rukomeye kugira ngo icyizere abaturage bari bafitiye umuryango w’ibwami cyongere kigaruke.

Mu 1977, isabukuru y’imyaka 25 yari amaze ku ngoma, yizihizanywe ibyishimo byinshi mu mihanda no mu birori binyuranye byabaye hirya no hino mu gihugu; byabaye nk’ibyerekana ko abaturage bakunze cyane ubwami; ibyo ariko byatewe ahanani n’umwamikazi Elizabeth wa II ubwe.

Muri iyo myaka, Ubwongereza bwari bufite minisitiri w’intebe wa mbere w’umugore; uwo akaba yari Margaret Thatcher.

Umwaka 1992 warangiranye n’inkongi y’umuriro ikomeye yibasiye ingoro ya Windsor umwamikazi yakundaga cyane.

Icyo gihe habaye impaka z’urudaca, abaturage bibaza niba amafaranga yo gusana iyo nzu agomba gutangwa n’umwamikazi ku giti cye, cyangwa se agomba kuva mu misoro y’abaturage.

Si ibyo gusa kuko umuryango w’ibwami wahuye n’ibibazo bitoroshye:

Umuhungu wa kabiri w’umwamikazi, Duke wa York n’umugore we Sarah baratandukanye.

Hanyuma byaramenyekanye ko igikomangoma n’igikomangomakazi cya Wales batari babanye neza nk’umugore n’umugabo; nyuma baje gutandukana.

Urupfu rw’igikomangomakazi Diana

Ubwami bwahinze umushyitsi kandi n’umwamikazi ku giti cye aranengwa cyane ku buryo budasanzwe nyuma y’urupfu rw’igikomangomakazi Diana, wahitanywe n’impanuka y’imodoka i Paris mu mwaka wa 1997.

Mu gihe abantu benshi bari bakoraniye hanze y’inzu z’ubwami ziri mu mujyi wa Londres, bafite indabyo, baje guherekeza igikomangoma Diana, umwamikazi bisa nkaho atashishikajwe cyane no kwerekana ko abantu bose bagomba kumureberaho igihe ibintu byabaga bikomeye cyane mu gihugu.

Urupfu rwa nyina w’Umwamikazi Elizabeth II

Mu mwaka wa 2002, urupfu rwa nyina w’umwamikazi n’igikomangoma Margaret, mu mwaka Elizabeth wa II yizihijemo isabukuru y’imyaka 50 yari amaze ku ngoma, byabangamiye ibirori byagombaga gukorwa mu kwibuka iyo sabukuru.

Ariko ntibyabujije abantu bagera kuri miliyoni imwe guteranira imbere ya Buckingham Palace ibyo birori buri bucye biba.

Itangazo ryatanzwe n’Ubwami bw’u Bwongereza ryatangaje ko Umwamikazi Elizabeth yatanze atababaye ndetse ko umubiri we uzagarurwa i Londres kuri uyu wa Gatanu.

Ntabwo Umwamikazi Elizabeth yatangiye i Londres aho asanzwe atuye, kuko yari amaze igihe ari mu gace ka Balmoral muri Ecosse, hamwe mu hantu yakundaga cyane.

Minisitiri w’Intebe w’u Bwongereza, Liz Truss mu ijambo yagejeje ku baturage b’u Bwongereza, yavuze ko itanga ry’Umwamikazi Elizabeth II, ari inkuru y’incamugongo ku gihugu ndetse n’Isi muri rusange.

Source: BBC News